The appendix is a tube that is blind ended and is connected to the cecum which is a pouch located at the junction of the large and small intestines. It lies near the hip bone, in the lower right side of the abdomen. Appendicitis is the most common disease of the appendix. Appendicitis is prominently characterized by inflammation of the appendix. If untreated, the appendix may rupture causing severe inflammation of the peritoneum (also known as Peritonitis) and shock that could lead to fatal consequences.

Symptoms of Appendicitis –

- Consistent but dull pain in the centre of the abdomen. The pain cannot be localized in the beginning.
- Inflammation of the peritoneum.
- Severe pain in the right lower abdomen on withdrawing pressure rather than on applying pressure also called as rebound tenderness.
- Fever and lowered immune.
-Nausea and Vomiting.

Causes of Appendicitis –

Studies suggest that appendicitis occurs due to blockage in the opening at the attachment of appendix with caecum. A build-up of mucus or stool in the appendix which later on hardens may block the opening. There are instances of swelling of the lymphatic tissue in the appendix that causes the blockage. The wall of the appendix is infected when the bacteria in the appendix multiply due to the blockage. This causes inflammation of the appendix. If the inflammation goes undetected, it may lead to rupturing of the appendix

Diagnosis of Appendicitis –

Physical examination – Physical examination especially of the abdomen is required to detect the appendix.
Imaging techniques – Ultrasound and Computed Tomography (CT scan) can help in verifying if the appendix is inflamed, swollen or ruptured. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) can help detect rare tumours of the appendix.
Blood Tests – The white blood cell count and signs of infection can help diagnose if there is an inflammation of the appendix.

Treatment of Appendicitis –

Laparoscopic Appendectomy is performed to remove the appendix when the patient is experiencing or suffering from acute appendicitis. Laparoscopy is performed by making tiny incisions on the abdomen and inserting a thin tube with a camera attached at the end to locate and remove the appendix. It also helps in visualisation and diagnosing other causes of pain in that region.